Analysis of Renal Platinum Content as a Novel Approach to Protect against Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: A Review

Cisplatin (cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum (II), CDDP) is a prominent member of the effective broad-spectrum antitumor drugs. However, its clinical usage is restricted due to serious side effects particularly nephrotoxicity. The vulnerability of the kidney to CDDP is almost certainly related to its primary role in the excretion of the drug as intact CDDP and its platinum containing products are excreted mainly in the urine. There is a correlation between the level of platinum in urine and nephrotoxicity because of renal uptake of the drug. Some analytical methods were applied for the determination of platinum content in biological fluids such as plasma, urine, serum, and peritoneal fluid. Studies have not documented a strong correlation between the renoprotective mechanism and the diminution of renal platinum content.