Isolation and Phytochemical Identification of Antibacterial Bioactive Components

Moringa oleifera Lam. is known in vernacular as Sahjna belongs to a single genus family Moringaceae which has fourteen species. M. oleifera is highly reputed in folklore and traditional system of medicine as a remedy for a variety of ailments and different parts of the plant are stimulant, diuretic and antilithic. In the preliminary in vitro screening for antimicrobial activity M. oleifera showed high antibacterial activities even at low concentrations (Mounyr Balouiri et al., 2016). Although some phytochemical aspects have been recorded on this plant, the author has considered it to isolate the bioactive molecules in view of their antimicrobial importance. So, the extracts were subjected to column chromatography for separation of pure compounds by gradient elution method.

The isolated pure compounds are further characterized in to Quercetin 3-O-D-Glucopyranoside, Kaempferol 3-O-D Glucopyranoside, Niazinin-A and Stigmasterol proved to be biologically activity. These observations will enable to standardize the botanical identity of the drug in crude form and the bioactive compounds in pure form revealed that the antibacterial activity of M. oleifera methanolic extract are largely due to the presence of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids and their synergistic effect of aerial parts. These results suggested that the methanolic extracts of the M. oleifera posse’s compounds with antibacterial properties which can be used as lead molecules for drug discovery in oral medicine. In this contest the selected plant extract and isolated compounds on plaque bacteria is more appropriate and helpful in synthesizing the plant based biobactericides to reduce the pathogen population. This will also offer a great help in facing the emergence spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Essential oils have been shown to possess antibacterial. Essential oils are a rich source of biologically active compounds. There has been an increased interest in looking at antimicrobial properties of extracts from aromatic plants particularly essential oils. Three essential oils namely cinnamon, clove and tea tree were obtained from Tegraj & Co (P) Ltd, India. The chemical composition of the oil was investigated by means of chromatographic spectrometric methods. The chemical composition of the essential oil from the bud of clove. From the GC/MS Chromatogram, two peaks were identified from the GC-MS data. These major peaks were identified as eugenol and caryophyllene from the GC-MS database. The chemical composition of the essential oil from the cinnamon. From the GC/MS chromatogram, two peaks were identified from the GC-MS data. These major peaks were identified as cinnamaldehyde and Benzyl alcohol from the GC-MS database. 2 major compounds, representing about 90% essential oil from cinnamon oil, we characterized. The major components are as follows: cinnamaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. The chemical composition of the essential oil from the tea tree. From the GC/MS Chromatogram, two peaks were identified from the GC-MS data. These major peaks were identified as Terpinene-4-O1, - terpinene and -terpinene from the GC-MS database. 3 major compounds, representing about 90% essential oil from Terpinene-4-O1, we characterized. Essential oils contain a complex mixture of odorous and volatile compounds from secondary plant metabolism. The volatile oil of cinnamon, clove and tea tree was active against all the microorganisms. GC-MS analysis of the oil extract showed eugenol and caryo-phyllene as the major constituents from clove oil. Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and caryo-phyllene are known to possess antibacterial and antifungal properties. These results suggested that the cinnamon and clove oil possess compounds with antibacterial properties which can be used as lead molecules for drug discovery in oral medicine. This will also offer a great help in facing the emergence spread of antimicrobial resistance.