A Brief Overview on Microbial Composting

This chapter investigate to treat municipal solid waste using an economical, environmentally acceptable manner with the aid of an efficient microbial solution (a consortium of microorganisms). Additionally, an effort was made to use an effective microbial solution to convert municipal solid waste into natural and effective manure. Compost is one of the most used and ancient fertilisers that promote soil biodiversity. Compost application is a beneficial practice for soil restoration. The human population indirectly creates industrial effluent and produces a vast volume of solid and liquid waste. The municipal solid waste generally includes household and commercial refuse, consisting of degradable (paper, food waste, straw and yard waste), partially degradable (wood, and sludge) and non-degradable materials (leather, plastics, metals, glass, electronics). Man damages the ecosystem deeply by using artificial fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural fields. Any unfavorable changes that take place in the air, water, or land are known as pollution. It has been noted that waste production rises yearly in direct proportion to population growth and urbanization. As more land is needed for the ultimate disposal of these solid wastes, issues related to disposal have become highly challenging. It is suggested that the Municipal Solid Waste can be used as manure after ruling out the existence of pathogenic microbes, since Municipality Solid Waste have been blamed for the transmission of Salmonella spp and other human diseases.