A Cross-sectional Study of Congenital Anomalies in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North East Region, India

Background: Congenital anomalies are described as structural and functional abnormalities, including metabolic problems, apparent at birth, and are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in infants. These birth defects are caused by poor embryogenesis or intrinsic anomalies in the development process, and they are linked to a number of risk factors.

Methods: Our research took place at the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences in Imphal over the course of a year and a half, from May 2016 to October 2017. The study's goal was to determine the prevalence of congenital malformations and the proportions of various types of congenital defects.Maternal age, religion, parity, gestational age, baby's sex, outcome, and birth weight were all investigated.

Results: There were 91 congenital anomalies in total, out of 13658 births.Congenital anomalies were found in 0.66 percent of the population.Cleft lip was the most prevalent congenital defect (17.6%), followed by CTEV (13.2%), and was more common in male term newborns. These were most common in the maternal age group of 18-24 years (34.1%), followed by 30-34 years (26.4%), and women of parity P0-P2.

Conclusions: Stillbirths and infant mortality are frequently caused by congenital abnormalities. At 18-20 weeks, a level II targeted scan should be performed to detect anomalies and lower the prevalence. There should be comprehensive education in the community about common congenital abnormalities, their outcomes, and possible treatment options.