Phytochemical Study and Antimicrobial Activity of Bark Extracts of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Bombacaceae) from Côte d’Ivoire on Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

One of the health problems in recent decades is the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria. Among the solutions to this concern, the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants seem to be privileged. In this context, our work is devoted to the phytochemical study and evaluation of antibacterial activity of bark extracts of Ceiba pentandra from Ivorian Pharmacopoeia on methicillin resistant S. aureus and on imipenem and ceftazidime resistant P. aeruginosa. The phytochemical study shows that bark of Ceiba pentandra harvested in the center of Côte d’Ivoire contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. Microbiological testing showed that in liquid medium, ethyl acetate extract is active on all studied bacteria. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) range from 0.78 to 6.25 mg/mL and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) from 1.04 to 8.33 mg/mL. Purification of ethyl acetate extract had no influence on its activity against the studied bacteria. In fact, the most active fraction has MIC ranging from 0.52 to 6.25 mg/mL and MBC from 1.04 to 10.42 mg /mL. According to the ratio MBC /MIC, which was nearly 2, ethyl acetate extract and his active fraction are bactericidal.